Photonic neural networks are brain-inspired information processing technology using photons instead of electrons to perform artificial intelligence (AI) tasks. However, existing architectures are designed for a single task but fail to multiplex different tasks in parallel within a single monolithic system due to the task competition that deteriorates the model performance. This paper proposes a novel optical multi-task learning system by designing multi-wavelength diffractive deep neural networks (D2NNs) with the joint optimization method. By encoding multi-task inputs into multi-wavelength channels, the system can increase the computing throughput and significantly alle-viate the competition to perform multiple tasks in parallel with high accuracy. We design the two-task and four-task D2NNs with two and four spectral channels, respectively, for classifying different inputs from MNIST, FMNIST, KMNIST, and EMNIST databases. The numerical evaluations demonstrate that, under the same network size, mul-ti-wavelength D2NNs achieve significantly higher classification accuracies for multi-task learning than single-wavelength D2NNs. Furthermore, by increasing the network size, the multi-wavelength D2NNs for simultaneously performing multiple tasks achieve comparable classification accuracies with respect to the individual training of multiple single-wavelength D2NNs to perform tasks separately. Our work paves the way for developing the wave-length-division multiplexing technology to achieve high-throughput neuromorphic photonic computing and more general AI systems to perform multiple tasks in parallel.

增加片上光子神经网络（PNN）的层数对于改善其模型性能至关重要。但是，网络隐藏层的连续级联导致更大的集成光子芯片区域。为了解决此问题，我们提出了光学神经常规微分方程（ON-ON-ON-OD-ON-OD-ON-OD-ON-OD-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ODINE），该架构用光ODE求解器参数化了隐藏层的连续动力学。 On-Ode包括PNN，然后是光子积分器和光反馈回路，可以配置为代表残留的神经网络（RESNET）和复发性神经网络，并有效地降低了芯片面积占用率。对于基于干扰的光电非线性隐藏层，数值实验表明，单个隐藏层ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-ONE表示与图像分类任务中的两层光学重新系统大致相同。此外，Onode提高了基于衍射的全光线性隐藏层的模型分类精度。 On-Eod的时间依赖性动力学属性进一步应用于高精度的轨迹预测。

经济学和医疗保健方面的许多实际决策问题寻求从观察数据中估算平均治疗效果（ATE）。双重/辩护的机器学习（DML）是观察性研究中估计吃量的普遍方法之一。但是，DML估计器可能会遇到错误的问题，甚至在倾向分数被弄错或非常接近0或1时进行极端估计。现有文献从理论的角度解决了这个问题。在本文中，我们提出了一种健壮的因果学习（RCL）方法，以抵消DML估计量的缺陷。从理论上讲，RCL估计量i）与DML估计器一样一致且双重稳健，ii）可以摆脱错误混合问题。从经验上讲，全面的实验表明，i）RCL估计器比DML估计器给出了因果参数的稳定估计，ii）RCL估计器在模拟和基准标准数据集上应用不同的机器学习模型时，RCL估计器优于传统估计器及其变体。 。

大多数用于加强学习中的多武装强盗问题的算法旨在最大化预期的奖励，从而可用于搜索具有最高奖励（功能值）的优化候选者，用于各种应用（例如，alphango）。然而，在药物发现的一些典型应用方案中，目的是在高奖励中搜索多样化的候选人。在这里，我们提出了一种可逆的上置信度（RUCB）算法，用于这种目的，并证明其在虚拟筛选时在本质上无序的蛋白质（IDP）中的应用。结果表明，RUCB大大减少了查询时间，同时实现了高精度和低性能损失。RUCB可能具有在多点优化和其他增强学区的潜在应用。

基于模型的强化学习引起了广泛的样本效率。尽管到目前为止，它令人印象深刻，但仍然不清楚如何适当安排重要的超参数，以实现足够的性能，例如基于Dyna样式的算法中的政策优化的实际数据比。在本文中，我们首先分析了实际数据在政策培训中的作用，这表明逐渐增加了实际数据的比例会产生更好的性能。灵感来自分析，我们提出了一个名为autombpo的框架，以自动安排真实的数据比以及基于培训模型的策略优化（MBPO）算法的其他超参数，是基于模型的方法的代表性运行情况。在几个连续控制任务上，由AutomBPO安排的HyperParameters培训的MBPO实例可以显着超越原始的，并且AutomBPO找到的真实数据比例计划显示了与我们的理论分析的一致性。

Causal learning is the key to obtaining stable predictions and answering \textit{what if} problems in decision-makings. In causal learning, it is central to seek methods to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) from observational data. The Double/Debiased Machine Learning (DML) is one of the prevalent methods to estimate ATE. However, the DML estimators can suffer from an \textit{error-compounding issue} and even give extreme estimates when the propensity scores are close to 0 or 1. Previous studies have overcome this issue through some empirical tricks such as propensity score trimming, yet none of the existing works solves it from a theoretical standpoint. In this paper, we propose a \textit{Robust Causal Learning (RCL)} method to offset the deficiencies of DML estimators. Theoretically, the RCL estimators i) satisfy the (higher-order) orthogonal condition and are as \textit{consistent and doubly robust} as the DML estimators, and ii) get rid of the error-compounding issue. Empirically, the comprehensive experiments show that: i) the RCL estimators give more stable estimations of the causal parameters than DML; ii) the RCL estimators outperform traditional estimators and their variants when applying different machine learning models on both simulation and benchmark datasets, and a mimic consumer credit dataset generated by WGAN.

通过少数院校拥有不懈的努力，最近在设计超人AIS中的重大进展，在无限制的德克萨斯州举行（NLTH）中，是大规模不完美信息游戏研究的主要测试平台。然而，新研究人员对新的研究人员来说仍然有挑战性，因为没有与现有方法相比，这严重阻碍了本研究区域的进一步发展。在这项工作中，我们展示了OpenHoldem，一个用于使用NLTH的大规模不完美信息游戏研究的集成工具包。 OpenHoldem对这一研究方向进行了三个主要贡献：1）用于彻底评估不同NLTH AIS，2）用于NLTH AI的四个公开可用的强大基线的标准化评估方案，以及3）一个在线测试平台，公众易于使用API nlth ai评估。我们在Holdem.Ia.ac.CN发布了OpenHoldem，希望它有助于进一步研究该领域的未解决的理论和计算问题，并培养对手建模和人机互动学习等关键研究问题。

Temporal sentence grounding (TSG) aims to identify the temporal boundary of a specific segment from an untrimmed video by a sentence query. All existing works first utilize a sparse sampling strategy to extract a fixed number of video frames and then conduct multi-modal interactions with query sentence for reasoning. However, we argue that these methods have overlooked two indispensable issues: 1) Boundary-bias: The annotated target segment generally refers to two specific frames as corresponding start and end timestamps. The video downsampling process may lose these two frames and take the adjacent irrelevant frames as new boundaries. 2) Reasoning-bias: Such incorrect new boundary frames also lead to the reasoning bias during frame-query interaction, reducing the generalization ability of model. To alleviate above limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel Siamese Sampling and Reasoning Network (SSRN) for TSG, which introduces a siamese sampling mechanism to generate additional contextual frames to enrich and refine the new boundaries. Specifically, a reasoning strategy is developed to learn the inter-relationship among these frames and generate soft labels on boundaries for more accurate frame-query reasoning. Such mechanism is also able to supplement the absent consecutive visual semantics to the sampled sparse frames for fine-grained activity understanding. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SSRN on three challenging datasets.

Machine Reading Comprehension has become one of the most advanced and popular research topics in the fields of Natural Language Processing in recent years. The classification of answerability questions is a relatively significant sub-task in machine reading comprehension; however, there haven't been many studies. Retro-Reader is one of the studies that has solved this problem effectively. However, the encoders of most traditional machine reading comprehension models in general and Retro-Reader, in particular, have not been able to exploit the contextual semantic information of the context completely. Inspired by SemBERT, we use semantic role labels from the SRL task to add semantics to pre-trained language models such as mBERT, XLM-R, PhoBERT. This experiment was conducted to compare the influence of semantics on the classification of answerability for the Vietnamese machine reading comprehension. Additionally, we hope this experiment will enhance the encoder for the Retro-Reader model's Sketchy Reading Module. The improved Retro-Reader model's encoder with semantics was first applied to the Vietnamese Machine Reading Comprehension task and obtained positive results.

New architecture GPUs like A100 are now equipped with multi-instance GPU (MIG) technology, which allows the GPU to be partitioned into multiple small, isolated instances. This technology provides more flexibility for users to support both deep learning training and inference workloads, but efficiently utilizing it can still be challenging. The vision of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive and practical benchmark study for MIG in order to eliminate the need for tedious manual benchmarking and tuning efforts. To achieve this vision, the paper presents MIGPerf, an open-source tool that streamlines the benchmark study for MIG. Using MIGPerf, the authors conduct a series of experiments, including deep learning training and inference characterization on MIG, GPU sharing characterization, and framework compatibility with MIG. The results of these experiments provide new insights and guidance for users to effectively employ MIG, and lay the foundation for further research on the orchestration of hybrid training and inference workloads on MIGs. The code and results are released on https://github.com/MLSysOps/MIGProfiler. This work is still in progress and more results will be published soon.